How Photosynthesis Works: Middle School Biology Study Guide Subject: Biology | Grade: Grade 5-8 Photosynthesis is the chemical process that plants, algae, and some bacteria use to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy (food). This process is fundamental to life on Earth as it produces the oxygen we breathe and forms the base of most food chains. Here is the science behind how plants feed themselves and power our planet: The Photosynthesis Equation During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (from the air) and water (from the soil) and use solar energy to transform them into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. The chemical equation is: \ Where: • \ is Carbon Dioxide • \ is Water • \ is Glucose (sugar used by the plant for energy) • \ is Oxygen (released back into the air) Where Does Photosynthesis Happen? Photosynthesis takes place inside plant leaves, specifically inside microscopic plant cell structures called chloroplasts. • Chlorophyll: This is the green pigment inside chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight. It is also the reason leaves look green! • Stomata: